Class-12 Computer Science UNIT-7 : Recent trends in Technology 1. E-learning: E-learning is the process of learning through the electronic...
UNIT-7 : Recent trends in Technology
1. E-learning:
E-learning is the
process of learning through the electronic media like computers. The concept of
Distant Learning has become possible through the e-learning. One can get degree
of a university through the e-learning. The CAL (Computer Assisted/Aided
Learning) is an example of E-learning. Internet, Intranet, Extranet, Virtual
Class room and Multimedia CD/DVD ROM are the tools used in E-learning. It has
many advantages:
- Very flexible and cheaper
- Time saving
- Can be read any time and any where
- Course moves faster than traditional method
- Uniformity of content
- Interactive online session
2. E-commerce:
The commerce
through the use of electronic media is called E-commerce. It is the most
popular and highly used advantage of IT. Replacing the traditional method of
account controlling, quality and quantity controlling, money transaction,
official and industrial management, etc. by the computers and electronic
machines are some popular concepts of E-commerce. There are basically three
types of E-commerce:
- Business-to-Business
- Business-to-Customer
- Digital Middle Man
3. E-Business:
The process of
performing business activities through the electronic media, especially
Internet is called E-Business. It includes selling, buying and servicing
customers and collaborating with the business partners, too. It uses web-based
technology for the advertisements and for the improved business performance.
Some examples of this system are ebay, amazon, Alibaba etc
4. E-Governance:
The process
of governing through the use of Electronic media is called E-Governance. The
traditional governing system cannot reach to the remote or rural area and it
cannot address the actual problem of them. It is centered in the urban area.
So, the E-Governance has become a popular concept of governing. It uses
electronic media like Internet, Intranet, Wireless Phone, E-voting, E-commerce,
E-health service and E-education, etc to address the problem of the people. It
increases the speed of working of Government. The following are the
E-Governance models:
- Government to Citizens (G2C)
- Government to Employees (G2E)
- Government to Government (G2G)
- Government to Business (G2B)
In other word, the way of performing governmental activities through internet. For instant, every citizen has to perform their daily governmental activities such as birth registration, tax payment, utilities bill payment etc. If these governmental activities are done through electronic means and media then, it is known as e-government. The major objective of e-government is to increase accountability, transparency, efficiency and which helps to reduce corruption.
Challenges of E-government:
a. IT literacy
b. Lack of coordination
c. Training
d. IT Policy
Importance of E-government.
a. Promote awareness and dramatically improves
the efficiency of the civil services.
b. It will encourage public participation.
c. It will create healthy business
environment.
d. It increases accountability, transparency,
efficiency and which helps to reduce corruption.
e. It allows to share knowledge and
information between organizations easily.
5. E-Medicine:
Electronic
medicine is a service of E-Government, which provides E-health services to the
people. The use of computers for diagnosis of diseases, operations and research
of medicine are the examples of E-Medicine. The way of performing medical
activities through electronic means and media are e-medicine. Now a days, there
are significant roles of modern tools and technologies in the field of
medicine. For eg, Technologies such as X-rays, CT scan etc are used to
diagnosis several critical diseases and illness. There are several
websites which are particularly targeted toward medicine. These websites help
user to find out the required information about their queries. One can check
the health condition using electronic means and media.
Pros
- Distance medical facilities can be provided to remote area.
- Drones can be used to supply medical equipment in needy area with in less time.
- Remote counseling is possible through e-medicine.
- Different high-tech tools and devices are used to diagnose several critical illnesses.
6. Virtual Reality:
It is an
artificial environment created by using the computers, which tries to give
natural environment of the presentation. It creates an illusion of the real
world. Head Mounted Display (HMD), Binocular Omni Oriented Monitor (BOOM) and
Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) are some common devices used for
Virtual Reality. It is very popular in the fields of entertainment, space and
civil aviation.
7. Robotics:
It is the term used for the designing, constructing and using robots in various purposes. The term ‘robot’ was first used by Karel Capek in his play Rossum’s Universal Robots, published in 1920. Scientists are trying to give the human-like intelligence to the robots, so that they understand the natural languages and they can be able to interact with the humans to assist them. Transportation, exploration, surgery, bomb diffusion, etc. are some popular application of robots. They are especially used in the areas, which are full of risk.
8. What is AI? Write the uses of it.
AI stands for Artificial Intelligence.
It is a concept of giving human-like intelligence to the machines. Though the
computers do their work faster and better than the human beings, the
intelligence of them is zero because they just follow the set of instructions
given by the user. In case of wrong instruction, they do wrong processing. It
is because they do not have intelligence of their own. So, the scientists are
in research of giving them artificial intelligence, so that they can understand
the natural languages of the human beings and interact. They can express their
feelings and many more. These are some common uses of AI:
- Game Playing
- Diseases Diagnosis & Operations
- Robotics
- Problem Solving
- Speech and pattern Recognition
- Expert System
- Theorem Proving
- Machine Learning
9. What is the ethical aspect of AI?
COMMENTS